Denmark

Denmark introduced three instruments supporting the RES technologies: premium tariff, loan and net metering (however the last one instrument is dedicated for producers who generate electricity for their own use). [54]

Wind, bio and wave technologies are eligible to the premium tariff without any special requirements. The rest have to met some special conditions. To get promotion solar systems capacity have to exceed 6kW and hydro power plants capacity have to be above 10 MW. In that system, the system operator receive volatile bonus. However the maximum sum of the market price and bonus which the system operator get are limited statutory. Moreover in certain cases the system operator may receives guaranteed bonus. Onshore wind power plants get 0,25 DKK/kWh of guaranteed bonus (only for 22,000 full load hours) and 0,33 DKK/kWh of subsidy from utility companies plus 0,10 DKK/kWh of guaranteed bonus (for 10 years). Offshore power plants receive from 0,518 to 0,629 DKK/kWh for a total of 10 TWh as a sum of market price and bonus. That support is available for 20 years. In that case system operators are also financed by utility companies and the promotion amount equals 0,353 DKK/kWh for 42,000 full load hours plus 0,10 DKK/kWh of guaranteed bonus. Farms which generate energy only for own use are supported by subsidy (0,60 DKK/kWh) if installation capacity exceed 25kW. Onshore and offshore farms are additionally promoted by guaranteed bonus (from 0,08 to 0,38 DKK/kWh) if a system generates energy equal twice the capacity of the original system in 12,000 full load hours. Solar power plants are promoted by subsidy, 0,60 DKK/kWh during first 10 years and 0,40 DKK/kWh for the next 10. Moreover hybrid systems receive 0,26 DKK/kWh of bonus for 10 year and 0,06 DKK/kWh for further 10 years. Hydro power plants receive guaranteed bonus of 0,10 DKK/kWh for 20 years, additional bonus of 0,10 also for 20 years. Moreover strategically important technologies receive additional bonus of 0,26 DKK/kWh for 10 years and 0,6 DKK/kWh for further 10. Wave technologies receive 0,60 DKK/kWh for 10 years and 0,40 DKK/kWh during next 10. Biogas installation receive up to 0,745 DKK/kWh of subsidy and the co-firing system receive 0,405 DKK/kWh as a guaranteed bonus. Biomass technologies are supported by guaranteed bonus (0,15 DKK/kWh) and are financed by utility companies (0,30 DKK/kWh for 10 years and 0,10 DKK/kWh during the next 10 years). [54]

Only wind technologies are eligible for loan support. The loans are provided special program: loan guarantees for local initiatives for the construction of wind-energy systems. The maximal amount of loan is 500 000 DKK per project. The Energienet.dk allocate for loans 10 million DKK (about 1,3 million €). [54]

All technologies (beside geothermal) are eligible for support from the Net-Metering, however have to met following requirements. Wind farms have to be connected to private supply system. Solar power plants have to be connected to a supply system is capacity is below 50kW. Hydro, biogas and biomass systems have to be connected to private supply system, have to be located in non-commercial buildings and capacity have to be lower than 6kW per household/100m2. [54]

The RES technologies does not have priority in grid connection however investors are granted for the electrical network connection if a special requirements are met. System operators are not eligible for the expiation of the grid however the grid operator are statutory obligated to upgrade the grid and prepare for the RES power plant connection. [54]

Regulation requirements in Denmark are Law on the Promotion of Renewable Energy (the VE-Lov), Act on Electricity Support and the BEK 804/2010. [54]

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